Electrically operated aerial camera having hinged magazine sections



y 1952 I. wboYL'E ET AL 2,596,222

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED AERIAL CAMERA HAVING HINGED MAGAZINE SECTIONS Filed May 50, 1945 11 Sheets-Sheet l Q INVENTOR BY CHBL V/amvso/v y 1952 l. w. DOYLE ETAL 2,596,222

ELECTRICAL-LY OPERATED AERIAL CAMERA HAVING HINGED MAGAZINE SECTIONS Filed May so, 1945 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORN Y5 y 13, 1952 l. w. DOYLE ETAL 2,596,222

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ELECTRICALLY OPERATED AERIAL CAMERA HAVING HINGED MAGAZINE SECTIONS Filed May 30, 1945 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 4 N 7 I'A'hl h\\ A if I I l x INVENTORS [PW/v5 Wflor i BY Ch/PL 1/ Jay/v50 m4; m4 M3 ATTO NEYS y 13, 1952 I. w. DOYLE ETAL 2,596,222

ELECTRICALLY OPERATED AERIAL CAMERA HAVING HINGED MAGAZINE SECTIONS Filed May 30, 1945 ll Sheets-Sheet 1O //////z///////// //////mW// I. W. DOYLE ET AL ELECTRICALLY OPERATED AERIAL CAMERA May 13, 1952 HAVING HINGEO MAGAZINE SECTIONS Filed May 30, 1945 ll Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR /BYlNC-; W DOYLE BY CHRL V JOHNSON Patented May 13, 1952 ELECTRICALLY OPERATED AERIAL CAMERA HAVIN G HINGED MAGAZINE SECTIONS Irving W; Doyle, Massapequa, and Carl V. J ohnson, Kew Gardens, N. Y., assignors to Fairchild Camera and- Instrument Corporation, Jamaica, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application May 39, 1945, Serial No. 596,670

2 Claims.

This invention relates to cameras, and more particularly to an aerial camera having a magazine equipped with a focal plane shutter.

Aerial photography at high altitudes is efilciently accomplished with a. camera equipped with a betweemtheelens shutter of relatively low speed, as. such shutter is capable of stopping the relatively slow motion of the image across the focalplane by reason, of the high altitude. However, Where the circumstances require high speed, low altitude. reconnaissance photography as, for example, during tactical military operations, shutterspeeds well in excess of those at which between-the-lens shuttersv are capable are required. Hence the camera for this type of work is customarily equipped with a focal plane shutter.

Accordingly it may be seen that at least two diiferent types of camera are required for high and low altitude aerial photography. These cameras are quite bulky, heavy and expensive. Accordingly, where two or more cameras are carried, substantial weight is added to the airplane. It is accordingly among the objects of this invention to provide an aerial camera equipped with both a between-the-lens and focal .plane shutter so that the camera may be used for low or high altitude photography. Other objects will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.

In accordance with one form of our invention, the camera includes a cone, a body and a magazine, the cone having a between-the-lens shutter disposed therein, and the camera body having driving mechanism for winding and tripping the between-the-lens shutter. The magazine, which is detachably mounted on the camera body in.- cludes a focal plane shutter in one portion hingedly connected to another portion of the magazine wherein are located a pressure plate and vacuum system, together with driving mechanism for winding the shutter operating the pressure plate and vacuum system, as well as for transporting the film. This magazine is interchangeable with conventional magazine, and when mounted on the camera body is operable to take pictures when the between-the-lens shutter is immobilized and opened.

In the drawing, wherein we have shown one form of our invention,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a film magazine equipped with a focal plane shutter;

Figure 2 is a reduced fragmentary plan view of the upper portion of the magazine, showing the film pressure plate and a port-ion of the film moving mechanism;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the lower portion of the magazine showing the focalplane shutter;

Figure 3A is a substantially reduced perspective view of the entire camera;

Figure 4 is a perspective View of the magazine with the top cover and film spools removed;

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional elevation of; the magazine of Figure 2 taken along the line 55, with the top cover removed Figure 6 is an enlarged; fragmentary sectional elevation of a portion of the film moving and shutter winding mechanism, ortions thereof being broken away;

Figure 7 is atop plan view of the mechanism shown in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary schematic View of the film pressure plate and motor switch;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional elevation showing the film pressure plate and associated vacuum system;

Figures 10, 11 and 12 are sectional elevations showing successive operations in installing a portion of the Vacuum system;

Figure 13 is a side view of the focal plane shutter; and,

Figure 14 is a schematic wiring diagram of the magazine.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the views of the drawing.

Referring first to Figure 3A, the camera comprises a cone, a body containing driving mechanism, and a magazine, generally indicated respectively at 28, 2| and Z2. Disposed within the cone 26 is a between-the-lens shutter 2110, of a type conventional in cameras of this character such, for example, as is shown in Fairchild 1,626,032 and 1,661,364, This shutter includes winding and tripping devices, operated from mechanism included in the case drive 2| by removable winding and trip rods 20! and 202; the said mechanism is driven by a motor 23. Where the film magazine is of conventional form, i. e. does not include a focal plane shutter, as, for 8X, ample, that shown in Weiblen et al. 2,131,926, motor 23 also operates the magazine. However, magazine 22, as described hereinbelow, includes its own operating motor, as, well as a focal plane shutter. Thus the camera may be equipped with eithera conventional magazine, i. e. one that has no focal plane shutter, under which circumt nces the etween-th rmo s t e 21! s operated in conventional manner, or it may be equipped with magazine 22, which includes. a focal plane shutter, under which circumstances the between-the-lens shutter 206 is immobilized. Shutter 266 may be immobilized by removing the winding and trip rods 2M and 262, which are detachably connected to the driving mechanism and shutter by suitable couplings, such as coupling 263, by which the winding rod 2M is connected to the shutter. After the rods have been removed, the shutter is tripped to remove the initial tension. Then the winding coupling 203 is rotated until the shutter blades are wide open, the winding coupling being clamped in this position in any suitable manner, thus to maintain shutter 266 wide open.

Referring to Figure 1, magazine 22 includes lower and upper housings 25 and 26, respectively, the latter of which receives a light-tight cover 2! detachably held in position by a thumb screw 28. As shown in Figure 2, housings 25 and 26 are hinged together as at 29, and if Figures 2 and 3 are considered together, it will be seen that the magazine housings may be swung open, thus permitting ready access to various portions thereof.

As shown in Figure 1, the magazine housings may be latched and held securely together by suitable latches Bil, the upper casing 26 being provided with sockets 3| and 32, as well as an exhaust nozzle 33, by which the various mechanisms in the magazine may be controlled, as will appear in greater detail below. Upper housing 26 (Figures 2 and 4) has secured in one side thereof a pair of partitions or plates 34 and 35 which, together with a cover plate 36 (Figure 4) comprise a removable operating mechanism unit which we have generally indicated at 31, which includes all of the mechanism by which the cyclic operation of the camera is effected, i. e. by which the shutter is set and the film is fed from its supply to its take-up spools.

This driving mechanism unit 31 is best shown in Figures and 6, and includes end fianges 38 and 39 which rest on bosses or shelves 40 and 4| respectively, integrally cast with the side walls of the upper housing 26, the unit flanges being secured to th shelves in any suitable manner. Included in unit 31, and secured to plate 34 in any suitable manner, is an electric motor 42, to the armature shaft 43 (Figure 6) of which is fastened a bevel gear 16. This gear drives a gear train comprising gears and pinions 45, 46, 41, 48,

"i9 and 56, pinion 56 driving a large main or I cycling gear 5| carried by a shaft 52 journaled between plates 34 and 35 (Figure 7). Pivotally secured to gear 6| (Figure 6) is a yoke 53, between the spaced arms of which is secured an arcuate internal gear sector 54, and to one arm of which is secured a cam follower 55 which extends through a large hole 56 formed in gear 5|. Cam follower 55 rides in a positive cam slot 5'1 formed in the inner surface of plate 35. It may now be seen that as gear 5| rotates, sector 54 not only rotates about the center of gear 5|, but also moves about the center of its attaching pin 53a, in accordance with the contour of the cam slot 51 (Figure 5). Gear sector 54 meshes with a gear 58 pinned to shaft 52, gear 5| being freely rotatable on this shaft. It will now appear that as gear 5| is rotated, so also is gear 58 and accordingly shaft 52, but at varying speeds in relation to the rotation of gear 5| because of the movement of gear sector 55'- as cam follower 55 rides along cam groove 51. The shape of this cam is so designed that acceleration, constant speed and deceleration is imparted to gear 58, for a purpose to be described.

Also fastened to shaft 52, so as to rotate therewith, is a gear 59 which meshes with a gear 66 mounted on a shaft 6|, this shaft 6| carrying a metering roller 62 which feeds the film. It will now be seen that rotation of the metering roller is at varying speed, for example, during the first portion of the film feeding operation the roller accelerates so as to overcome the initial substantial inertia of the film spools with their load of filth; thereafter the metering roller speed may be constant during the major portion of the film feeding operation, and finally the roller decelerates. Thus, for a certain portion of the cam, its rise is such that there is sufficient relative motion between gear sector 54 and gear as to nullify any rotary motion that would ordinarily be imparted to the gear. Under such circum stances, little or no rotation of metering roller 62 would result. Thus sufficient time may be gained to allow the driving motor to come to a rest after the motor circuit has been broken, will be described.

Gear 60, as is more clearly shown in Figure '2, meshes with, so as to drive a gear 63 mounted on a shaft 64 (Figure 6) and is coupled to a mutilated gear 65 (Figure 7) which in turn is adapted to mesh with a shutter pinion 65. This mutilated gear and pinion may structurally and functionally resemble those disclosed in our copending application Serial No. 623,620, filed October 22, 1945, now Patent No. 2,514,991, issued July 11, 1950. The edentate portion of this mutilated gear is in alignment with the shutter pinion at the end of each operative cycle, as dis closed in said aforementioned copending appli cation.

As shown in Figure 5, film supply and take-up spools 68 and 69, respectively, are provided. Spool 68 is mounted on spindles "it and ii (Figure 4) ,'the former of which is carried on an arm 12 which is pivotable to facilitate installation and removal of the spool. Spool 69 is adapted to be mounted on spindles l3 and it, the former of which is also mounted on a pivotable arm '15 for the same purpose. These arms 1?. and iii are carried by a frame plate 76 between which and unit 31 extends a beam ll. Take-up spool spin-- die 14 (Figures 6 and '7) carries at its outer end a pulley 18, which is connected by a spring belt '19 to a pulley 81! mounted on shaft 6d. The ratios of pulleys l8 and 36 are such as to maintain the film taut between the take-up spool and metering roll 62, regardless of the variable diame er of the film on the take-up spool. Supply spool spindle 7| (Figure 5) has a brake drum 8:! connected thereto, and about this drum extends a brake band 82 anchored at one end to plates S'l, and at the other end to an arm 63. This arm 33 is pivoted on a screw 84, and is under a constant clecln wise bias by a spring 85. The lower end of arm 83 carries a roller 86 under which the is trained so that the film is held in a taut condition, all as is described in considerable detail in the copending application of Doyle and White, Serial No. 510,146, filed November 13, 1M3, now Patent No. 2,403,587, issued July 9, 10%. Thus the film from supply spool 68 is trained around and under guide roller 85, across the focal plane under the pressure plate, as will be descr'" r. thence under metering roller 62 against whic it is held by a pressure roller 8"], and thence to take-up spool 69, successive increments of film being cyclically fed by the mechanism hereinbefore described in very much the manner set forth in detail in the above-noted Doyle and White copending application.

Shutter pinion (it (Figure 6) is carried by a shaft-.88 on which is mounted, as may be seen in Figure 3, a shutter spool 99. This shaft also carries the usual tape drums 99, which carry the tapes of the: capping curtain. The other shutter spool 9| is rotatably mounted in conventional manner at the other end of housing 25 on a shaft 92 (Figure 13) a conventional shutter curtain 93 being fastened to the two spools so that its slit (not shown) may be drawn across the aperture in the focal plane in the usual manner during exposure and resetting operation.

Shutter pinion 66 (Figure 13) meshes with a smaller gear 94 which, in turn, meshes with a pinion 95 carried by ashaft 96. This shaft 9% may also be attached to a governor (not shown) by whichthe velocity of the shutter curtain may be held at a constant value during exposureoperation. Pinion or ratchet 95 is adapted to be engaged by a pawl 97 carried by a shaft 98, which shaft also has secured thereto an arm 99 disposed within the slot I99 of the armature I9 I. of a solenoid I82. When the solenoid is energized, its armature IflI raises arm 99, thus lifting pawl ill. out of engagement with ratchet 95 to trip the shutter. A spring I93 is preferably provided, to bias pawl. 97 toward ratchet 95. Shaft 92 of the other shutter spool 9| also carries a pinion EM which meshes with a gear Hi5 carried by a shaft its. To one end of this shaft is secured a switch arm ill! (see Figure 3) adapted to engage the button I98 of a switch I839 at the end of the shutter resetting operation to break the circuit of driving motor 42.

As shown in Figures 2, 4, 8-12, the film magazinc is provided with a pressure plate and vacuum system by which the film may be forced into the focal plane and held flatly therein during the exposure period. This pressure plate is generally indicated at IE9 in Figure 2 and, as better shown in Figure 9, comprises a casting H9, in which are formed ports III and communicating channels H2 (see also Figure 4). Ports II I communicate by way of holes H3 with grooves H4 formed in the bottom of casting I I9, these grooves running longitudinally and horizontally across the bottom of the pressure plate, as shown in Figure 2. Disposed within each of ports I I I (Figure 9) is an inverted cup-like piece H5 which may be conveniently held in the port by a spring clip H6 or the like, a gasket II'I being interposed between the cup and the bottom of the port. The central port HIa of the pressure plate has a somewhat differently formed cup or insert H8, by which the interconnected ports are connected to a vacuum pipe I I9, as will be described hereinbelow.

Adjacent ports, such as, for example, one of ports I I I and the central port I I la, are connected by tubing I29 which is preferably formed of a suitable plastic. We have found that the tubing may conveniently be connected to the cups H5 by inserting the tubing (see Figure 10) through a hole I Ilia in the cup. With the tubing in this position, a bushing I2! or the like (Figure 11) is inserted into the open end of the tubing, the outdiameter of the bushing being greater than the inside diameter of the tube, but somewhat less than the diameter of hole H505. Thereupon the tubing I26 (Figure 12) may be pulled outwardly of cup H5 by any suitable tool so that bushing 22! squeezes the end of the tubing into hole Ilia where the tubing end and bushing are thus securely clamped.

The insert H8 in the central port Illa of the pressure plate is of. sufficien-tlength to slidably r eceive a valveplungerln (Figure 9) having interconnected a-Xialand transverse openings I23 and I24. formed therein. Opening I23 communicates opening, I24 with port I Ha and accordingly with all of the other ports HI by Way of the tubings ml which interconnect the ports (see Figure 4). With. the plunger I22 (Figure 9) in the position shown, its; transverse opening I24 communicates with atmosphere by way of a hole I25 formed in the wall of insert II;'8. With the valve plunger in this position, the pressure plate, grooves H 3, and the. rest; of; the. vacuum system, in so far as the pressure; plate is concerned, is at atmospheric When, however, an exposure is being made, and: it: is desired that the film lie flat in the focalplane, plunger 1 I8 is moved to its upper position in; a manner to be described, so that hole I24. therein registers, with vacuum pipe I I9 and is sealed from atmosphere. This pipe I I9 connects with nozzle 33. (see Figures 1 and 4) which nozzle may be connected to a vacuum pump or other de vice capable ofpulling a vacuum.

As. shown inv Figure 3, the focal plane of the magazine is defined by a frame I29 which defines an aperture. I27, and it is against this frame that pressure. plate M39, is forced during th exposure period.

With reference to Figure i, a shaft I23 has its left-hand end journaled in side, plate 75, while its right-hand end extends; into the mechanism unit 3'! wherein it is connected for oscillation by the mechanism therein. To this shaft are connected a pair of arms I29 and I39, the outer ends of which are. pivotally attached to brackets I3! and 32, respectively, these brackets in turn being fastened to the top of pressure plate Ill- 3. Thus after the film has been fed. into position beneath the pressure plate by themechanism hereinbefore described, shaft I28 is oscillated to force the pressure plate downwardly, thus to press the film against frame I26. After the exposure has been made, and the mechanism is actuated to feed unexposed film into, position, shaft I23 is oscillated in the opposite direction so as to raise the pressure plate, this movement. being assisted by the force of a spring I33 (Figure 4) stretched between beam I1 and the, pressure plate.

Illustratively, the means by which shaft I28 is oscillated to raise, and lower the pressure plate may include a cam I34 (Figures 7 and 8) which may be mounted on and rotated by shaft 52. This cam may operate a follower I35 mounted on one end of a lever I36, the other end of which is connected to shaft I28. Thus, as the cam rotates, the shaft is oscillated and the pressure plate raised and lowered, as, described.

When the pressure plate has forced the film into. the focal plane, it is desirable to actuate the vacuum system so that the film is sucked tightly and held against the bottom of the pressure plate. To this end, a link I37 (Figures 8 and 9) is also connected to bracket I3I and extends upwardly therefrom. The upper end of this link is pivotally connected to a lever I 39 pivoted as at I39 to a bracket I40 fastened to beam "Ill. The other end of lever I 3.9 is pivotally connected to a downwardly extending rod MI whose lower end is connected in any suitable fashion, as by a coupling M2, to the upper end of plunger I 22. It will now appear that when the pressure plate E is forced downwardly in, the manner described, so is ink I31. This rocks lever I38 counterclockwise, as viewed in Figure 9, so that its right-hand end rises and pulls plunger I22 to its uppermost position, wherein its transverse hole I24 communicates with exhaust pipe I I9 and is sealed from the atmosphere. Thus the pressure plate is down, and the vaccum system is in communication with the grooves I I4 which are accordingly evacuated, causing the film to be held tightly and flat against the bottom of the pressure plate in the focal plane.

Before describing the electrical operation, it should be noted that included in the motor circuit is a switch I43 (Figure 8) which is operated by a bell crank lever I44, i. e. one arm [44a of the bell crank operates the switch button I43a, the other arm I441) of the bell crank being engaged by a pin I45 on cam I34 every time the cam rotates, i. e. once per operative cycle.

From the above it can be seen that the camera magazine is a self-contained unit including not only a film supply, pressure plate, vacuum system and focal plane shutter, but complete operating mechanism including a motor therefor. Further it may be seen that through the hinged relationship between the upper and lower casings or housings 25 and 26, ready and easy access may be had to substantially all of the mechanism within the magazine. When the magazine is opened through the release of latches 3E] (Figure 1) so that the two halves, so to speak, lie in the positions shown in Figures 2 and 3, it is easy to thread the film around the metering and pressure rollers and past the pressure plate I09 and secure the leading end of the film to the take-up spool.

The operation of the magazine will perhaps be better understood with reference to the wiring diagram shown in Figure 14. In this figure, a two-wire cable I46 connects a power supply I41 to the power plug 32 of the magazine. This power plug includes terminals A and B, which are connected respectively by lines I48 and M9 to terminals A and B of the intervalometer plug 3| at the right-hand side of the wiring diagram. This plug is in turn connected by a three-wire cable I50 with an intervalometer II which may be of the type shown in the copending application of Leonard W. Gacki, Serial No. 520,575, filed January 31, 1944, now Patent No. 2,529,728, issued November 14, 1950. This intervalometer in brief, includes an operating motor I52 and contacts I53, which are periodically engaged at selectively spaced intervals to make a connection between terminals B and C of the intervalometer plug. It should be noted that the contacts in the magazine, as shown in the wiring diagram, are shown in the positions they occupy when the magazine is fully wound and ready to be tripped.

Connected across power terminals A and B to lines I48 and I49 is a heater I54, which is controlled by a thermostatic switch I55, this heater comprising a number of units I56 carried in the top of the magazine pressure plate (see also Figure 4). Also connected across the power terminals A and B is the field I51 of motor 42.

With the switch contacts in the position shown, current flows from terminal B through the intervalometer to terminal C, thence by way of a line I58 to solenoid I02. From the solenoid the current flows through a lead I55 to a lead I60, which is connected to one side of the motor armature I61, and includes a motor cutout I52. Lead I69, in turn, conducts the current to the movable arm I63, carrying a contact I54, of switch I43 which, it will be recalled, is the switch which is operated by cam I34 (Figure 8). This contact I54 (Figure 14) is in engagement with a stationary contact I65 of the switch, which contact is connected by a lead I66 to the movable arm I68 of the shutter operated switch I69. This arm carries a contact I68 which engages a stationary contact I69 connected by way of a lead Hi! to a lead I'II connecting the other side of motor armature IBI with line I48. Thus it may be seen that when the intervalometer contacts I53 are closed, a circuit is established through solenoid I02.

With the solenoid thus energized, its armature I I0 is retracted to disengage pawl 91 from ratchet 95 to trip the shutter. At the end of the exposure operation of the shutter, the arm I01 operated thereby engages switch button IE8, disengaging contacts ISS and I59, but engaging contact I68 with another stationary contact H2 of switch I09. This, of course, effects deenergization of solenoid I02 even though the intervalometer contacts may still be closed. Engagement between contacts I58 and Ill of switch I99 establishes a circuit through motor I 32 as follows: power terminal B, line I49, lead 5'53 which con nects line I49 to switch contact I12, switch contact I12, contact I68, lead I85, contacts IE5 and I54, motor cutout [62, lead motor armature Iiil, lead Ill and line 48 to power terminal A. The motor field I5? is, of course, always energized as long as the power source is plugged in.

With the motor thus energized, the operating mechanism described hereinbelore immediately starts, and as it does so, rotatr cam :34 (Figure 8). This cam makes one revo to per cycle to a position where the pin i carried thereby rocks bell crank. i i l to throw switch Referring back to Figure 1e movable arm. of switch M3 is accordingly swung count clockwise to engage contact ll l which is connected by a lead M5 to line M9. When this occurs, the motor continues to run, as it is still connected across the power t iinals A and Shortly afterwards, however, .hen the shutt is wound, and in the winding thereof ar i withdrawn from s 1 button i an of switch is.) reengage,

E68 and H2 open. The motor st; run, however, until. cam I3 3 (Figure u) releases arm H53 (Figure 14) of switch eparate contacts Eli iand l?!) and according r heal; the circuit through the motor armature.

7hen this occurs, contacts i6 2 and M55 reer e Hi, to the other c Since the motor field i5! 18 energized, rote n of the armature generates a current through is shortcircuited path and this current a backward E. M. F. which rap the motor. Thus coasting or ovemechanism driven by the motor effectively prevented.

At the same time that switch 3 as described to shut oil the motor, e is connected to solenoid M52, is again cannected to the power supply so that the int' :valometer ilil may again trip the camera when its contacts Ills are closed.

Thus it will be seen that we have provided a camera and magazine therefor which attains the several objects set forth hereinabove in thoroughly practical and eilicient manner.

As many possible embodiments 3 he made of the above invention, and as many changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter hereinbefore set forth or shown in the accompanying cts to create down drawing is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

We claim:

1. In a unitary film magazine and focal plane shutter adapted to be separably mounted on a camera cone, the combination of upper and lower housings, means separably connecting said housings whereby they may be separated for ready access to the interior of each, a focal plane shutterin said lower housing, driven mechanism in said lower housing connected to said shutter adapted when driven to reset said shutter, remotely controllable shutter tripping means -mounted in said casing in operative relationship to said shutter, and driving mechanism including film supporting and transporting means in said upper housing and connected to said film transporting means, said mechanisms including driving and driven meshable gears forminga separable driving connection between said driving mechanism in said upper housing and said driven mechanism in said lower housing, whereby when ,said housings are connected said driven mechanism may be operated to reset said shutter, said armature of said motor at the end of the operative cycle to prevent coasting thereof.

IRVING W, DOYLE. CARL V. JOHNSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,413,187 Paumier Apr. 18, 1922 1,612,860 Fairchild Jan. 4, 1927 1,661,364 Fairchild Mar. 6, 1928 1,707,849 Fairchild Apr. 2, 1929 1,764,066 Chamberlin June 17, 1930 1,804,680 Fairchild May 12, 1931 1,817,182 Fairchild Aug. 4, 1931 1,960,254 McCandless May 29, 1934 1,963,095 Petit et al. June 19, 1934 1,974,842 Black Sept. 25, 1934 2,003,691 Lundberg June 4, 1935 2,137,378 Billing Nov. 22, 1938 2,166,440 Jones July 18, 1939 2,257,100 Belock Sept. 30, 1941 2,271,221 Drotning et a1. Jan. 27, 1942 2,282,291 Whitman May 5, 1942 2,283,788 Briechle et al May 19, 1942 2,326,386 Newman Aug. 10, 1943 2,326,980 Steiner Aug. 17, 1943 2,350,693 Mooman et a1. June 6, 1944 2,351,088 Wilson June 13, 1944 2,371,592 Gorey et a1 Mar. 13, 1945 2,407,277 Hineline Sept. 10, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 471,942 Great Britain Sept. 14, 1937 553,949 Great Britain June 11, 1943 

